diff --git a/src/klotski_core/benchmark/benchmark.cc b/src/klotski_core/benchmark/benchmark.cc
index 6926917..2b7ad16 100644
--- a/src/klotski_core/benchmark/benchmark.cc
+++ b/src/klotski_core/benchmark/benchmark.cc
@@ -65,3 +65,77 @@ double Benchmark::common_code_from_string(TIME format) noexcept {
     }
     return time_format(start, format) / (double)all_common_codes_str.size();
 }
+
+double Benchmark::common_code_to_raw_code(TIME format) noexcept {
+    if (!data_ready) {
+        return -1; // data no ready -> skip
+    }
+    auto start = clock();
+    for (auto &&common_code : all_common_codes) {
+        RawCode{std::forward<CommonCode>(common_code)};
+    }
+    return time_format(start, format) / (double)all_common_codes.size();
+}
+
+double Benchmark::raw_code_to_common_code(TIME format) noexcept {
+    if (!data_ready) {
+        return -1; // data no ready -> skip
+    }
+    auto start = clock();
+    for (auto &&raw_code : all_raw_codes) {
+        raw_code.to_common_code();
+    }
+    return time_format(start, format) / (double)all_raw_codes.size();
+}
+
+double Benchmark::common_code_to_short_code(TIME format) noexcept {
+    if (!data_ready) {
+        return -1; // data no ready -> skip
+    }
+    uint32_t num = 0;
+    ShortCode::speed_up(ShortCode::NORMAL);
+    auto start = clock();
+    for (uint64_t i = 0; i < all_common_codes.size(); i += 1000) {
+        ShortCode{all_common_codes[i]};
+        ++num;
+    }
+    return time_format(start, format) / (double)num;
+}
+
+double Benchmark::short_code_to_common_code(TIME format) noexcept {
+    if (!data_ready) {
+        return -1; // data no ready -> skip
+    }
+    uint32_t num = 0;
+    ShortCode::speed_up(ShortCode::NORMAL);
+    auto start = clock();
+    for (uint64_t i = 0; i < all_short_codes.size(); i += 1000) {
+        all_short_codes[i].to_common_code();
+        ++num;
+    }
+    return time_format(start, format) / (double)num;
+}
+
+double Benchmark::common_code_to_short_code_fast(TIME format) noexcept {
+    if (!data_ready) {
+        return -1; // data no ready -> skip
+    }
+    ShortCode::speed_up(ShortCode::FAST);
+    auto start = clock();
+    for (auto &&common_code : all_common_codes) {
+        ShortCode{std::forward<CommonCode>(common_code)};
+    }
+    return time_format(start, format) / (double)all_common_codes.size();
+}
+
+double Benchmark::short_code_to_common_code_fast(TIME format) noexcept {
+    if (!data_ready) {
+        return -1; // data no ready -> skip
+    }
+    ShortCode::speed_up(ShortCode::FAST);
+    auto start = clock();
+    for (auto &&short_code : all_short_codes) {
+        short_code.to_common_code();
+    }
+    return time_format(start, format) / (double)all_short_codes.size();
+}
diff --git a/src/klotski_core/benchmark/benchmark.h b/src/klotski_core/benchmark/benchmark.h
index f7bc604..5304993 100644
--- a/src/klotski_core/benchmark/benchmark.h
+++ b/src/klotski_core/benchmark/benchmark.h
@@ -43,6 +43,16 @@ namespace klotski {
         static double common_code_to_string(TIME format = NS) noexcept;
         static double common_code_from_string(TIME format = NS) noexcept;
 
+        static double common_code_to_raw_code(TIME format = NS) noexcept;
+        static double raw_code_to_common_code(TIME format = NS) noexcept;
+
+        static double common_code_to_short_code(TIME format = NS) noexcept;
+        static double short_code_to_common_code(TIME format = NS) noexcept;
+
+        static double common_code_to_short_code_fast(TIME format = NS) noexcept;
+        static double short_code_to_common_code_fast(TIME format = NS) noexcept;
+
+
 //        static float codec_common_to_raw(TIME format = US);
 //        static float codec_raw_to_common(TIME format = US);
 //        static float codec_common_to_short();
diff --git a/src/klotski_core/benchmark/chore.cc b/src/klotski_core/benchmark/chore.cc
index ee101a6..c900ff2 100644
--- a/src/klotski_core/benchmark/chore.cc
+++ b/src/klotski_core/benchmark/chore.cc
@@ -49,13 +49,15 @@ void Benchmark::data_preparation() noexcept {
     std::iota(tmp.begin(), tmp.end(), 0);
 
     all_short_codes.reserve(klotski::SHORT_CODE_LIMIT);
-    for (auto &&short_code : tmp) {
+    for (auto &&short_code : tmp) { // 0 ~ (SHORT_CODE_LIMIT - 1)
         all_short_codes.emplace_back(ShortCode::unsafe_create(short_code));
     }
 
     all_short_codes_str.reserve(klotski::SHORT_CODE_LIMIT);
-    for (auto &&short_code : all_short_codes) {
-        all_short_codes_str.emplace_back(short_code.to_string());
+    for (auto &&short_code : tmp) { // 0 ~ (SHORT_CODE_LIMIT - 1)
+        all_short_codes_str.emplace_back(
+            ShortCode::unsafe_create(short_code).to_string()
+        );
     }
 
     /// common code info preparation
diff --git a/src/klotski_core/ffi/tmain.cc b/src/klotski_core/ffi/tmain.cc
index 46848eb..8b33cc4 100644
--- a/src/klotski_core/ffi/tmain.cc
+++ b/src/klotski_core/ffi/tmain.cc
@@ -23,11 +23,22 @@ void tmain() {
 
     Benchmark::data_preparation();
 
-    std::cout << Benchmark::short_code_to_string() << "ns" << std::endl;
-    std::cout << Benchmark::short_code_from_string() << "ns" << std::endl;
-
-    std::cout << Benchmark::common_code_to_string() << "ns" << std::endl;
-    std::cout << Benchmark::common_code_from_string() << "ns" << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "start benchmark" << std::endl;
+
+//    std::cout << Benchmark::short_code_to_string() << "ns" << std::endl;
+//    std::cout << Benchmark::short_code_from_string() << "ns" << std::endl;
+//
+//    std::cout << Benchmark::common_code_to_string() << "ns" << std::endl;
+//    std::cout << Benchmark::common_code_from_string() << "ns" << std::endl;
+//
+//    std::cout << Benchmark::common_code_to_raw_code() << "ns" << std::endl;
+//    std::cout << Benchmark::raw_code_to_common_code() << "ns" << std::endl;
+
+    std::cout << Benchmark::common_code_to_short_code() << "ns" << std::endl;
+    std::cout << Benchmark::short_code_to_common_code() << "ns" << std::endl;
+
+    std::cout << Benchmark::common_code_to_short_code_fast() << "ns" << std::endl;
+    std::cout << Benchmark::short_code_to_common_code_fast() << "ns" << std::endl;
 
     return;
 
diff --git a/src/klotski_core/short_code/convert.cc b/src/klotski_core/short_code/convert.cc
index 0a32602..83be7f3 100644
--- a/src/klotski_core/short_code/convert.cc
+++ b/src/klotski_core/short_code/convert.cc
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ uint32_t ShortCode::fast_encode(uint64_t common_code) noexcept { // common code
 /// NOTE: ensure that input short code is valid!
 uint64_t ShortCode::fast_decode(uint32_t short_code) noexcept { // short code --> common code
     auto offset = std::upper_bound( // using binary search
-            ALL_CASES_OFFSET, ALL_CASES_OFFSET + 16, short_code
+        ALL_CASES_OFFSET, ALL_CASES_OFFSET + 16, short_code
     ) - 1;
     uint64_t head = offset - ALL_CASES_OFFSET; // head index
     return (head << 32) | AllCases::fetch()[head][short_code - *offset]; // release common code