diff --git a/src/klotski_core/benchmark/benchmark.cc b/src/klotski_core/benchmark/benchmark.cc
index 570d042..2308550 100644
--- a/src/klotski_core/benchmark/benchmark.cc
+++ b/src/klotski_core/benchmark/benchmark.cc
@@ -1,9 +1,15 @@
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
 #include "benchmark.h"
 #include "all_cases.h"
+#include "short_code.h"
+#include "common_code.h"
+
+#include <iostream>
 
 using klotski::Benchmark;
 
-float Benchmark::basic_ranges(TIME format) {
+double Benchmark::basic_ranges(TIME format) noexcept {
     if (BasicRanges::status() != BasicRanges::NO_INIT) {
         return -1; // data already built -> skip
     }
@@ -12,7 +18,7 @@ float Benchmark::basic_ranges(TIME format) {
     return time_format(start, format);
 }
 
-float Benchmark::all_cases(TIME format) {
+double Benchmark::all_cases(TIME format) noexcept {
     if (AllCases::status() != AllCases::NO_INIT) {
         return -1; // data already built -> skip
     }
@@ -21,3 +27,111 @@ float Benchmark::all_cases(TIME format) {
     AllCases::build();
     return time_format(start, format);
 }
+
+double Benchmark::short_code_to_string(TIME format) noexcept {
+    /// data preparation
+    std::vector<ShortCode> data;
+    data.reserve(klotski::SHORT_CODE_LIMIT);
+    for (uint32_t short_code = 0; short_code < klotski::SHORT_CODE_LIMIT; ++short_code) {
+        data.emplace_back(ShortCode::unsafe_create(short_code));
+    }
+
+    /// start benchmark
+    auto start = clock();
+    for (const auto &short_code : data) {
+        short_code.to_string();
+    }
+    return time_format(start, format) / (double)data.size();
+}
+
+double Benchmark::short_code_from_string(TIME format) noexcept {
+    /// data preparation
+    std::vector<std::string> data;
+    data.reserve(klotski::SHORT_CODE_LIMIT);
+    for (uint32_t short_code = 0; short_code < klotski::SHORT_CODE_LIMIT; ++short_code) {
+        data.emplace_back(ShortCode::unsafe_create(short_code).to_string());
+    }
+
+    /// start benchmark
+    auto start = clock();
+    for (auto &&short_code : data) {
+        ShortCode{std::forward<std::string>(short_code)};
+    }
+    return time_format(start, format) / (double)data.size();
+}
+
+double Benchmark::common_code_to_string(TIME format) noexcept {
+    /// data preparation
+    std::vector<CommonCode> data;
+    data.reserve(klotski::ALL_CASES_SIZE_SUM);
+    for (uint64_t head = 0; head < 16; ++head) {
+        for (const auto &range : AllCases::fetch()[head]) {
+            data.emplace_back(CommonCode::unsafe_create(head << 32 | range));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// start benchmark
+    auto start = clock();
+    for (const auto &common_code : data) {
+        common_code.to_string();
+    }
+    return time_format(start, format) / (double)data.size();
+}
+
+double Benchmark::common_code_from_string(TIME format) noexcept {
+    /// data preparation
+    std::vector<std::string> data;
+    data.reserve(klotski::ALL_CASES_SIZE_SUM);
+    for (uint64_t head = 0; head < 16; ++head) {
+        for (const auto &range : AllCases::fetch()[head]) {
+            data.emplace_back(
+                CommonCode::unsafe_create(head << 32 | range).to_string()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// start benchmark
+    auto start = clock();
+    for (auto &&common_code : data) {
+        CommonCode{std::forward<std::string>(common_code)};
+    }
+    return time_format(start, format) / (double)data.size();
+}
+
+double Benchmark::common_code_to_string_shorten(TIME format) noexcept {
+    /// data preparation
+    std::vector<CommonCode> data;
+    data.reserve(klotski::ALL_CASES_SIZE_SUM);
+    for (uint64_t head = 0; head < 16; ++head) {
+        for (const auto &range : AllCases::fetch()[head]) {
+            data.emplace_back(CommonCode::unsafe_create(head << 32 | range));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// start benchmark
+    auto start = clock();
+    for (const auto &common_code : data) {
+        common_code.to_string(true);
+    }
+    return time_format(start, format) / (double)data.size();
+}
+
+double Benchmark::common_code_from_string_shorten(TIME format) noexcept {
+    /// data preparation
+    std::vector<std::string> data;
+    data.reserve(klotski::ALL_CASES_SIZE_SUM);
+    for (uint64_t head = 0; head < 16; ++head) {
+        for (const auto &range : AllCases::fetch()[head]) {
+            data.emplace_back(
+                CommonCode::unsafe_create(head << 32 | range).to_string(true)
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// start benchmark
+    auto start = clock();
+    for (auto &&common_code : data) {
+        CommonCode{std::forward<std::string>(common_code)};
+    }
+    return time_format(start, format) / (double)data.size();
+}
diff --git a/src/klotski_core/benchmark/benchmark.h b/src/klotski_core/benchmark/benchmark.h
index c48bfb0..c04fa45 100644
--- a/src/klotski_core/benchmark/benchmark.h
+++ b/src/klotski_core/benchmark/benchmark.h
@@ -14,9 +14,10 @@
 
 /// Pay attention to the two test items `basic_ranges` and `all_cases`, they can
 /// only be run once (the reason for the construction of static data), and cannot
-/// be run after short code related items.
+/// be run after other global related items.
 
 #include <ctime>
+#include <cstdint>
 
 namespace klotski {
     class Benchmark {
@@ -24,10 +25,30 @@ namespace klotski {
         enum TIME {
             S, MS, US, NS
         };
-        static float all_cases(TIME format = MS);
-        static float basic_ranges(TIME format = MS);
+        static uint32_t core_num() noexcept;
+        static double warm_up(uint64_t count) noexcept;
+
+        static double all_cases(TIME format = MS) noexcept;
+        static double basic_ranges(TIME format = MS) noexcept;
+
+        static double short_code_to_string(TIME format = NS) noexcept;
+        static double short_code_from_string(TIME format = NS) noexcept;
+
+        static double common_code_to_string(TIME format = NS) noexcept;
+        static double common_code_from_string(TIME format = NS) noexcept;
+
+        static double common_code_to_string_shorten(TIME format = NS) noexcept;
+        static double common_code_from_string_shorten(TIME format = NS) noexcept;
+
+//        static float codec_common_to_raw(TIME format = US);
+//        static float codec_raw_to_common(TIME format = US);
+//        static float codec_common_to_short();
+//        static float codec_short_to_common();
+//        static float codec_common_to_short_fast();
+//        static float codec_short_to_common_fast();
+
 
     private:
-        static float time_format(clock_t start, enum TIME format);
+        static double time_format(clock_t start, TIME format) noexcept;
     };
 }
diff --git a/src/klotski_core/benchmark/chore.cc b/src/klotski_core/benchmark/chore.cc
index 0d2bd1c..79639c6 100644
--- a/src/klotski_core/benchmark/chore.cc
+++ b/src/klotski_core/benchmark/chore.cc
@@ -1,21 +1,33 @@
+#include <thread>
 #include "benchmark.h"
 
 using klotski::Benchmark;
 
-float Benchmark::time_format(clock_t start, TIME format) {
-    auto time = float(clock() - start);
+uint32_t Benchmark::core_num() noexcept {
+    return std::thread::hardware_concurrency();
+}
+
+double Benchmark::warm_up(uint64_t count) noexcept {
+    auto start = clock();
+    volatile uint64_t tmp = 0;
+    for (; tmp < count; ++tmp);
+    return time_format(start, US);
+}
+
+double Benchmark::time_format(clock_t start, TIME format) noexcept {
+    auto time = double(clock() - start);
     switch (format) {
         case S:
-            time *= float(1);
+            time *= double(1);
             break;
         case MS:
-            time *= float(1000);
+            time *= double(1000);
             break;
         case US:
-            time *= float(1000 * 1000);
+            time *= double(1000 * 1000);
             break;
         case NS:
-            time *= float(1000 * 1000 * 1000);
+            time *= double(1000 * 1000 * 1000);
             break;
     }
     return time / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
diff --git a/src/klotski_core/ffi/tmain.cc b/src/klotski_core/ffi/tmain.cc
index e471b0d..b2314ca 100644
--- a/src/klotski_core/ffi/tmain.cc
+++ b/src/klotski_core/ffi/tmain.cc
@@ -16,8 +16,19 @@ using klotski::Benchmark;
 void tmain() {
 //    printf("tmain start\n");
 
-    std::cout << "basic ranges: " << Benchmark::basic_ranges() << "ms" << std::endl;
-    std::cout << "all cases: " << Benchmark::all_cases() << "ms" << std::endl;
+//    std::cout << "warm up: " << Benchmark::warm_up(1000000) << "us" << std::endl;
+
+//    std::cout << "basic ranges: " << Benchmark::basic_ranges() << "ms" << std::endl;
+//    std::cout << "all cases: " << Benchmark::all_cases() << "ms" << std::endl;
+
+    std::cout << Benchmark::short_code_to_string() << "ns" << std::endl;
+    std::cout << Benchmark::short_code_from_string() << "ns" << std::endl;
+
+    std::cout << Benchmark::common_code_to_string() << "ns" << std::endl;
+    std::cout << Benchmark::common_code_from_string() << "ns" << std::endl;
+
+    std::cout << Benchmark::common_code_to_string_shorten() << "ns" << std::endl;
+    std::cout << Benchmark::common_code_from_string_shorten() << "ns" << std::endl;
 
     return;