Add IPNetwork class to support CIDR calculation

Usage:
Use IPNetwork(str|list<str>) to create an IPNetwork object.
Use operator 'in' to determine whether the specified
IP address is in the IP network or not, like:
>>> '192.168.1.1' in IPNetwork('192.168.1.0/24')
True

Both IPv4 and IPv6 address are supported.
Note: When using string to initialize the IPNetwork,
a comma seperated IP network list should be provided.

Currently, IPNetwork just support standard CIDR like:
x.x.x.x/y eg. 192.168.1.0/24
::x/y     eg. ::1/10
If pure IP address was provided,
it will be treated as implicit IP network,
like 192.168.0.0 will be treated as 192.168.0.0/16
and  192.168.1.1 will be treated as 192.168.1.1/32
This implicit translate may cause some unexpected behavior,
like user provide 192.168.2.0 and expect it will be treated as
192.168.2.0/24 but actually it will be translated to
192.168.2.0/23 because there are 9 continuous 0 from right.
In order to avoid confusion, a warning message
will be displayed when pure IP address was provided.

Other variants of CIDR are not supported yet.

shadowsocks/common.py

@@ -184,6 +184,57 @@ def parse_header(data):
     return addrtype, to_bytes(dest_addr), dest_port, header_length
 
 
+class IPNetwork(object):
+    ADDRLENGTH = {socket.AF_INET: 32, socket.AF_INET6: 128}
+
+    def __init__(self, addrs):
+        self._network_list_v4 = []
+        self._network_list_v6 = []
+        if type(addrs) == str:
+            addrs = addrs.split(',')
+        map(self.add_network, addrs)
+
+    def add_network(self, addr):
+        block = addr.split('/')
+        addr_family = is_ip(block[0])
+        if addr_family is socket.AF_INET:
+            ip, = struct.unpack("!I", socket.inet_aton(block[0]))
+        elif addr_family is socket.AF_INET6:
+            hi, lo = struct.unpack("!QQ", inet_pton(addr_family, block[0]))
+            ip = (hi << 64) | lo
+        else:
+            raise SyntaxError("Not a valid CIDR notation: %s" % addr)
+        if len(block) is 1:
+            prefix_size = 0
+            while ((ip & 1) == 0):
+                ip >>= 1
+                prefix_size += 1
+            logging.warn("You did't specify CIDR routing prefix size for %s, "
+                         "implicit treated as %s/%d" % (addr, addr,
+                         IPNetwork.ADDRLENGTH[addr_family] - prefix_size))
+        elif block[1].isdigit() and int(block[1]) <= IPNetwork.ADDRLENGTH[addr_family]:
+            prefix_size = IPNetwork.ADDRLENGTH[addr_family] - int(block[1])
+            ip >>= prefix_size
+        else:
+            raise SyntaxError("Not a valid CIDR notation: %s" % addr)
+        if addr_family is socket.AF_INET:
+            self._network_list_v4.append((ip, prefix_size))
+        else:
+            self._network_list_v6.append((ip, prefix_size))
+
+    def __contains__(self, addr):
+        addr_family = is_ip(addr)
+        if addr_family is socket.AF_INET:
+            ip, = struct.unpack("!I", socket.inet_aton(addr))
+            return any(map(lambda (naddr, ps): naddr == ip >> ps, self._network_list_v4))
+        elif addr_family is socket.AF_INET6:
+            hi, lo = struct.unpack("!QQ", inet_pton(addr_family, addr))
+            ip = (hi << 64) | lo
+            return any(map(lambda (naddr, ps): naddr == ip >> ps, self._network_list_v6))
+        else:
+            return False
+
+
 def test_inet_conv():
     ipv4 = b'8.8.4.4'
     b = inet_pton(socket.AF_INET, ipv4)
@@ -210,7 +261,23 @@ def test_pack_header():
     assert pack_addr(b'www.google.com') == b'\x03\x0ewww.google.com'
 
 
+def test_ip_network():
+    ip_network = IPNetwork('127.0.0.0/24,::ff:1/112,::1,192.168.1.1,192.168.2.0')
+    assert '127.0.0.1' in ip_network
+    assert '127.0.1.1' not in ip_network
+    assert ':ff:ffff' in ip_network
+    assert '::ffff:1' not in ip_network
+    assert '::1' in ip_network
+    assert '::2' not in ip_network
+    assert '192.168.1.1' in ip_network
+    assert '192.168.1.2' not in ip_network
+    assert '192.168.2.1' in ip_network
+    assert '192.168.3.1' in ip_network  # 192.168.2.0 is treated as 192.168.2.0/23
+    assert 'www.google.com' not in ip_network
+
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     test_inet_conv()
     test_parse_header()
     test_pack_header()
+    test_ip_network()